In 1992 the high-speed age began in Spain. The railway company RENFE ordered 18 AVE trains from the French TGV manufacturer GEC Alsthom for 300 kph / 190 mph high-speed services.

In 1992 the high-speed age began in Spain. The railway company RENFE ordered 18 AVE trains from the French TGV manufacturer GEC Alsthom for 300 kph / 190 mph high-speed services.

The Renfe Class 102 (nicknamed "Pato" in Spanish, because of its nose that looks like the beak of a duck) is a high-speed train used for the AVE service and operated in Spain by the state-run railway company Renfe, and based on Bombardier Transportation's power car technology. The trainsets can consist of up to 12 Talgo series VII coaches.

The Renfe Class 102 (nicknamed "Pato" in Spanish, because of its nose that looks like the beak of a duck) is a high-speed train used for the AVE service and operated in Spain by the state-run railway company Renfe, and based on Bombardier Transportation's powercar technology. The trainsets can consist of up to 12 Talgo series VII coaches.

The Class 103 were constructed by Siemens, as the second member of the company's Velaro family. The AVE Class 103 has been certified to run at 350 kph / 217 mph. During testing between Madrid and Zaragoza, on 16 July 2006, train 005 reached 403.7 kph / 250.8 mph.

The Class 103 were constructed by Siemens, as the second member of the company's Velaro family. The AVE Class 103 has been certified to run at 350 kph / 217 mph. During testing between Madrid and Zaragoza, on 16 July 2006, train 005 reached 403.7 kph / 250.8 mph.

At the end of 2022 IRYO entered the Spanish highspeed market with 14 ETR 400 trains of Alstom, Class 109 in Spain. The brand, which is partly owned by Italy's Trenitalia and Spain’s Air Nostrum, entered the market offering high comfort services

At the end of 2022 IRYO entered the Spanish highspeed market with 14 ETR 400 trains of Alstom, Class 109 in Spain. The brand, which is partly owned by Italy's Trenitalia and Spain’s Air Nostrum, entered the market offering high comfort services

In order to attract more passengers to travel by train, the Spanish railway company RENFE decided to introduce a "low-cost brand". For this purpose, 5 of 30 high-speed trains of the AVE-S 112 series were rebuilt. The RENFE subsidiary service are called Avlo (Alta Velocidad Low Cost), have only one car class, have no cafeteria and offer 438 seats.

In order to attract more passengers to travel by train, the Spanish railway company RENFE decided to introduce a "low-cost brand". For this purpose, 5 of 30 high-speed trains of the AVE-S 112 series were rebuilt. The RENFE subsidiary service are called Avlo (Alta Velocidad Low Cost), have only one car class, have no cafeteria and offer 438 seats.

The Renfe Class 120 are dual voltage 3 kV DC - 25 kV 50 Hz AC, with maximum speed of 250 kph / 160 mph electrical multipleunits are used on Alvia high-speed rail services in Spain.

Based on a family trains CAF Cepia the Class 120 trainsets are dual-voltage, dual-gauge units capable of changing gauge without stopping at 30 kph / 19 mph. Twelve units were ordered in 2001, and a further 45 units in 2004.

Ouigo España (YesGo in English), is a low cost subsidiary of the French state train company SNCF, now operates TGV Euroduplex trainsets for the high-speed rail services in Spain which compete with the incumbent RENFE. The route benefiting the most of the competition is Madrid-Barcelona, where four out of five passengers prefer to go by train (78%) rather than by plane, up from 64% in 2019. Of the passengers who travelled by train from Madrid to Barcelona last year, 58% took an RENFE service, 26% travelled with Ouigo and 14.2% with AVLO. Iryo, which entered aslast competitor is gaining fast in market share, attracts a client base that spends more, with the operator seeing a 40% higher average ticket level compared to RENFE/AVLO and Ouigo clients.

Ouigo España (YesGo in English), is a low cost subsidiary of the French state train company SNCF, now operates TGV Euroduplex trainsets for the high-speed rail services in Spain which compete with the incumbent RENFE. The route benefiting the most of the competition is Madrid-Barcelona, where four out of five passengers prefer to go by train (78%) rather than by plane, up from 64% in 2019. Of the passengers who travelled by train from Madrid to Barcelona last year, 58% took an RENFE service, 26% travelled with Ouigo and 14.2% with AVLO. Iryo, which entered as last competitor is gaining fast in market share, attracts a client base that spends more, with the operator seeing a 40% higher average ticket level compared to RENFE/AVLO and Ouigo clients.